英语语法 1句子与句子结构.ppt

Lecture OneEnglish Grammar 句子和句子结构 1. sentence Simple sentence Compound sentence Complex sentence e.g. What he said is not true. What is a simple sentence? it contains only one subject and one predicate, and is devoid of any subordinate or dependent clauses. A compound sentence a sentence made up of two independent clauses (or complete sentences) connected to one another with a coordinating conjunction. Coordinating conjunctions are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. e.g. Joe waited for the train, but the train was late. complex sentence A complex sentence is one in English in which includes, at minimum, one dependent clause and one independent clause. The Complex Sentence： 　1)The Attributive Clause 2)The Adverbial Clause 3)The Noun Clause 2、谓语 简单谓语 复合谓语 并列谓语 双重谓语 复合谓语 第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式等构成的复合谓语。 第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。  1、情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式 If there were no examination, we should have a much happier time at school. Where is my pen? I must have lost it. I told Sally how to get here, but I perhaps should have written it out for her. 2、had better, would rather和不定式连用，表示劝告或主观上做出选择 --Not really, my dear. You’d better stay home for another day or two. 3、be going to, be to, be about to, be able to, be likely to, have to, happen to, seem to, appear to, used to等结构和不定式连用 由系动词(link verb)和表语(predicative)组成，表示主语的状态、性质、地位等等。 be, remain, keep, continue, lie, stand, sit, hold, get, become, get, grow, come, go, run, fall, turn, turn out, seem, appear, feel, smell, taste, sound。 并列谓语 Compound Predicate  She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office. A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station. A. paid B. paying C. to pay D. having paid Double Predicate 某些实意动词可兼作系动词，在句中具有既表行为又表状态的双重作用。这种有双重作用的谓语我们称之为双重谓语（Double Predicate） 一、双重谓语的形式与特点： 基本形式：行为动词＋表