语流(I)connected speech.ppt

Connected Speech (I) 语流（I） Features of Connected Speech Speech is a continuous stream of sounds, without clear-cut borderlines between them. When we speak naturally we do not pronounce a word, stop, then say the next word in the sentence. Fluent speech flows with a rhythm and the words bump into each other. To make speech flow smoothly the way we pronounce the end and beginning of some words can change depending on the sounds at the beginning and end of those words. These changes are described as features of connected speech. Some features of Connected Speech 1) Length of Vowels and Consonants 元音和辅音的音长 2) Consonant Clusters 辅音连缀 3) Loss of Plosion Incomplete Plosion 失爆和不完全爆破 4) Sound Linking 连读 Length of Vowels and Consonants 元音和辅音的长度 Length of sound can be divided into two kinds, absolute length and relative length. Length of Vowels (1) absolute length of vowels (2) relative length of vowels Length of Consonants (3) absolute length of consonants (4) relative length of consonants (1) Absolute length of vowels The long vowels [i:] [ɑ:] [?:] [u:] [?:] diphthongs [eI] [?u] [aI] [au] [?I] [I?] [ε?] [u? ] are longer than short vowels; in the short vowels [ I ] [e] [?] [?] [?] [?], the vowel [? ] is longer than the others. (2) Relative length of vowels ①The length of vowels is affected by its following consonant(s): the vowel before a voiced consonant is longer than the one before an voiceless consonant. E.g. bead [bi:d] ﹥beat [bi:t] bold [b?uld] ﹥bolt [b?ult ] ② In a disyllable and polysyllable word, the vowel in a stressed syllable is longer than the one in a unstressed one. E.g. city [sItI] silly [sIlI] 1st [I] ﹥2nd [I] In Longman Dictionary of contemporary English(1997), they are represented by [I] [i] respectively. In the production of [i], the tongue is lower and the openness of the mouth is bigger than that of [I]. ③ In a sentence, the vowel in a stressed syllable is longer than the