语言学视角下盖茨比分析.ppt

grammatical deviation语法偏离现象 《词语语义语法偏离搭配研究》主要内容： 语言是人们交际时反映客观世界和心理行为的载体。 词与词组合搭配规范的言语往往遵循理性思维，表达理性信息。 词与词偏离搭配的言语往往遵循情感思维，表达情感信息。 当发话主体为现实所感动，要用现成的语言来表达，但现成的语言没有，便出现了“言不尽意”之困，但又不得不表达，便出现了语言的超常使用，即词与词组合搭配的偏离性。 (1) The Observance of the Quality maxim e.g.: “It was a strange coincidence,” I said. “But it wasn’t a coincidence at all.” “Why not?” “Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay.” “He wants to know,” continued Jordan, “If you’ll invite Daisy to come to your house some afternoon and then let him come over.” “Did I have to know all this before he could ask such a little thing?” “He’s afraid, he’s waited so long. He thought you might be offended. You see, hes a regular tough underneath it all.” Something worried me. “Why didnt he ask you to arrange a meeting?” “He wants her to see his house,” she explained. “And your house is right next door.” “Oh!” (2) The Violation of The Quality Maxim E.g.: “Dont bring Tom, I warned her. “What?” “Dont bring Tom.” “Whos Tom?” she asked innocently. affected hypocritical 2. The maxim of Quantity Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). Do not make your contribution more (less) informative than is required. (1) The Observance of the quantity maxim e.g. “There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy and the tired.” “And Daisy ought to have something in her life,” murmured Jordan to me. “Does she want to see Gatsby?” “Shes not to know about it. Gatsby doesnt want her to know. You re just supposed to invite her to tea.” (2) The violation of the quantity maxim e.g.: “Look here, old sport,” said Gatsby, leaning toward me, Im afraid I made you a little angry this morning in the car.” There was the smile again, but this time I held out against it. “I dont like mys