_虎日_的人类学发现及实践.pdf

广西民族研究 　2005 年第 2 期 (总第 80 期) ·51 · “虎日”的人类学发现与实践 ———兼论《虎日》影视人类学片的应用新方向① 庄孔韶 【摘 　要】“虎日”戒毒盟誓仪式的考察与研究运用了人类学的人类研究的整体论原则, 在寻找地方 族群毒品依赖行为的社会文化原因的同时 , 考虑建立不同于科学的方法论的另一种方法论 - 即以文化的 力量战胜人类生物性的成瘾性。彝族人民运用强大的习惯法与仪式、家支组织、信仰与尊严、民俗道 德、亲情教化等集合的文化的力量 , 成了中国戒毒成功率最高的范例。影视人类学片《虎日》则一改传 统纪录片单纯描述与诠释的特点 , 卷入了探索影片的直接的应用的目的并付诸实施 , 从而为影视人类学 开辟了直接应用的新的方向。 【关键词】人类学 ; 仪式 ; 戒毒 【作 　者】庄孔韶 , 中国人民大学人类学研究所所长 , 教授 , 博士生导师。北京 , 100081 【中图分类号】C912. 4 【文献标识码】A 　【文章编号】1004 - 454X (2005) 02 - 0051 - 015 A Probe into Effective Approaches to Civil Drug Control in the Yi Ethnic Region of Little Liangshan - On the development in a ne w direction of visual anthropology Zhuang Kongshao Abstract : The “Tiger Day ”model , using anthropolo gical theory as a tool , seeks to understand the socio - cultural origins of drug abuse and trafficking. At the same time , the model attempts to reactivate an ancient lineage rite to fight the abuse of drugs among the Yi people of Liangshan. By mobilizing and activating the lineage organization , religious rites , traditional moral principles , tribal laws , traditional e ducation and other important elements in the cultural heritage of the Yi people , the willpower to over come human biological addiction is stimulated and fortified. This improves the rate of successful rehabili tation among local drug abusers , and facilitates the fight against HIV/ AIDS. Through the documentary Tiger Day , the Tiger Day ”model has been disseminated among the Yi people , and has already exerted a positive imp