分子2(国外英语资料).doc

分子2 A molecule is the smallest unit in a substance that is relatively stable and retains the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Molecules are made up of atoms. Atoms combine molecules in definite order and arrangement by certain forces. Water molecules, for example, keep dividing water until it does not destroy the water, and the smallest unit at that time is the water molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Its chemistry writing, H2O. Water molecules can be subdivided into two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom by electrolysis or other methods, but at this time they are completely different from water. Some molecules consist of only one atom, called a monatomic molecule, such as helium and argon, and this molecule is both an atom and a molecule. Molecules composed of two atoms called diatomic molecules, such as molecular oxygen (O2), composed of two oxygen atoms, for diatomic molecule; carbon monoxide (CO), composed of one oxygen atom and a carbon atom, for heteronuclear diatomic molecules. A molecule consisting of more than two atoms; collectively referred to as polyatomic molecules. The number of atoms in molecules can be several, more than a dozen, dozens, or even thousands. For example, the carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. A benzene molecule contains six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms (C6H6). A pig insulin molecule contains hundreds of atoms, and its formula is C255H380O78N65S6. molecular structure Molecular structures, molecular shapes, and molecular geometries are established on spectroscopic data to describe the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules. The molecular structure largely influences the reactivity, polarity, phase, color, magnetism and biological activity of chemicals. Molecular structures are best measured at temperatures near absolute zero, because molecular rotation increases as temperature increases. The molecular shape can be obtained by mole