初中物理基本概念概要(国外英语资料).doc

初中物理基本概念概要 The 1 floor Essentials of elementary physics in junior high school I. measurement The length of L: main units: meters; measurement scale; measurement tools: when estimating the minimum scale read next; light unit is a unit of length. The time in seconds; t: the main measurement tools: watch with stopwatch in the laboratory. 1 = 3600 seconds, one second = 1000 milliseconds. 3 M: substances contained in the number of objects called quality. Main unit: kg; measuring tools: scales; laboratory trays; balances. Two. Mechanical movement The mechanical movement: the object position changes of movement. Reference: to judge the motion of an object, another object must be chosen as the standard. This object is chosen as a standard. It is called a reference. The uniform linear motion: Compare the two methods of moving speed: a compares the distance traveled in equal time. B compares the time required to travel by equal distance. Formula: 1 meters per second = 3.6 km / h. Three, force The F force: force is the object role of objects. The forces acting between bodies are always reciprocal. A unit of force: Newton (N). An instrument for measuring force: a dynamometer; a laboratory uses a spring balance. The act of making an object deform or change the state of an object. A change in the state of an object is a change in the speed or direction of an object. The three elements of the three elements: force size, direction and function is called force. The force diagram should be scaled; the schematic diagram of force is not scaled. 3 G: gravity due to the earth to bring the objects by force. Direction: vertical downward. Gravity and mass relations: G=mg, m=G/g G=9.8 cow / kg. Reading: 9.8 cows per kilogram, which means 1 kg of body weight and 9.8 kg of gravity. Center of gravity: the point of gravity is called the center of gravity of an object. The center of gravity of a regular object at the geometric center of an object. The two: the equilibrium conditions of the force