塑料概论(国外英语资料).doc

塑料概论 Introduction to plastics,.Txt54 let yesterday into the water, let bygones be gone with the wind, and todays cup, do not hold the remnants of yesterdays scars; only treasure now, can harvest tomorrow. 1.1 introduction to plastics 1. 1. 1 Structure of polymer molecules 1. Structure of polymer molecules 1) polymer: a polymer compound produced by the polymerization of one or more simple compounds. A synthetic resin is a polymer, referred to as a polymer or polymer 2) characteristics of polymers: (1) a large number of atoms, a polymer containing thousands of, tens of thousands, or even millions of atoms. (2) the molecular weight is large, and the molecular weight of polymers can be from tens to hundreds, hundreds of thousands, millions, or even tens of millions. For example, nylon has a molecular weight of about twenty-three thousand and a natural rubber of four hundred thousand. (3) molecular length is relative to low molecular length, for example, the length of low molecular ethylene is about 0.0005 mu m, while the length of high molecular polyethylene is 6.8 mu m, which is 13600 times of that of the former. (1) polymer macromolecules are basically long chain structures, and can be divided into different structures: (2) the structure of polymers can be divided according to the geometrical characteristics of molecular arrangement: A) crystalline polymers B) amorphous polymers (long-range disorder, short range order) Composition and classification of 1.1.2 plastics 1. plastic composition: synthetic resin + additive (1) resin: after softening, other components of plastics can be bonded to determine the main properties of plastics (2) additives: including fillers, plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants, colorants and curing agents 2. classification of plastics (1) according to the molecular structure and characteristics of synthetic resins 1) thermoplastics Such as: PE, PP, PS, PVC, PMMA, PA, POM, ABS, PC, PPO, PSU, PTFE and so on 2) thermosetting plastics Such as: ph