非谓语动词(73张PPT).ppt

非谓语动词的七大经典原则 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式. 原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词。 原则三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/ to do ,原则区别是：-ing 表示一定逻辑的结果，to do 表示非逻辑的结果。 原则四：凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动形式。 原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与 主句主语保持一致 原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（-ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式） 原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。 原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. （2007江西卷） A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained 2. _____ this cake， you’ll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 原则二： 用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.－ing形式作伴随状语与 to do作目的状语的区别： 作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。 3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not_____， and asked myself what I was going to do.(2007湖南卷) A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved 4. He sat _____ to her ______ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是， 一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。 不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。 如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。 5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day. （2007天津卷）A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_____ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 7.He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left. (2005广东卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的结果。 8. He hurried to the booking office only _____ that all the tickets had been sold out. （2006陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told