高一英语牛津 Unit 3 A taste of travel.doc

Unit 3 A taste of travel 语法目标扫描 被动语态(详见“语言点详解”第一条) Grammar 1．被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 (1)动词的被动语态在各种时态中的表示： 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 are done are being done have been done 过去 were done were being done had been done 将来 will be done will have been done 过去将来 would be done would have been done (2)一些特殊结构的被动语态的表示： ①带复合宾语的句子 将带复合宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语转换成主语，保 留宾语补足语。如： ◆We always keep the classroom clean．我们总是保持教室干净。 →The classroom is always kept clean． ②带双宾语的句子 将带双宾语的句子转换成被动语态时，通常有两种转换方式。一种是将间接宾语转 换成主语，保留直接宾语。第二种是把直接宾语转换成主语，保留间接宾语。此时， 常需要在间接宾语前面加适当的介词。如： ◆We gave him a warm welcome．我们热烈地欢迎他。 →He was given a warm welcome． ◆Thev bought her a silk handkerchief as a birthday present． 他们给她买了一条真丝手帕作为生日礼物。 →A silk handkerchief was bought for her as a birthday present． 【注意】 如果直接宾语是宾语从句或动词不定式，则必须把间接宾语转换成主语。如： ◆Thev told him that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． 他们告诉他，他在歌咏比赛中得了一等奖。 →He was told that he had won the first prize in the singing competition． ◆He taught her how to ride a horse。他教她如何骑马。 →She was taught how to ride a horse． (3)动词的主动语态表示被动的意义： ①wash、write、sell、cut、clean、read、look、iron、wear、feel、draw、drive等词 的主动形式表示被动意义。 ·This book sells very well．这本书卖得很好。 ·The shirt washes easily．这件衬衫洗起来很容易。 ·The meat cuts easily． 这块肉很容易切。 ②need、want、require、deserve等词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 ·The children need looking after．孩子们需要照顾。 ·The window requires cleaning．窗户需要清洁了。 【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。 (1)某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、belong(to) (属于)、rise(上升)等。 ． (2)表示状态的及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)等。 (3)连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。 (4)表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等。 Reading 2．twist v.盘旋；蜿蜒；曲折 ·From here, a narrow road twists up to the top of the mountain．一条狭窄的小路从这 里盘旋至山顶。 【拓展】n．弯曲；扭；拧 3. construction n.建造 【常用搭配】under construction在建造中 ·Many underground lines are under construction in Shanghai． 在上海，很多条地铁线路正在建设中