沙地主要植被类型物种多样性及土壤水分动态研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 通过对章古台沙地 8 种植被类型定位监测，分析其物种多样性和土壤水分变化 情况。8 种植被类型分别为：荒草地，樟子松林地，油松林地，杨树林地，樟子松 杨树混交林地，榆树林地，山杏林地和弃耕地。结果表明：8 种样地中物种多样性 最大的是混交样地，最小的是弃耕地。混交林地林下植被群落最稳定。8 种样地中 有机质含量最高的是弃耕地，含量为 20.29g/kg 。土壤水分的变化是降雨和植物生长 共同作用的结果。其中在 4 月份测定时，8 种植被类型土壤水分都是先降低后升高， 到了 5 月份除了山杏和榆树林地土壤水分先下降外，其他 6 种样地土壤水分都上升。 樟子松林地土壤蒸散量 433.27mm ，荒草地土壤蒸散量为 460.39mm ，油松土壤蒸散 量 364.25mm ，杨树纯林土壤蒸散量 414.33mm ，山杏林土壤蒸散量 516.09mm ，松 杨混交林土壤蒸散量 495.79mm ，榆树疏林土壤蒸散量 381.34mm ，其中山杏林地和 松杨混交林地土壤水分发生亏缺。山杏林地密度大导致蒸散量大，要采取间伐或人 工浇灌措施防止土壤干层的形成。樟子松林地和油松林地土壤蒸散量小于降雨量。 杨树林地处在幼林期，应对其进行定期监测其土壤含水量。 关键词：土壤水分；降雨；蒸散量 Abstract Dynamic changes of soil moisture of different vegetation in sandy land of zhang gu tai by position-monitoring. The eight different vegetations are:grass land, scots pine plantation,chinese pine plantation,poplar plantation,scot pine-poplar mixed plantation,elm forest, prunus armeniaca forest and abandoned farmland.The results shows that diversity index of cot pine-poplar mixed plantation is the highest and it is the lowest in abandoned farmland.The vegetation community under the scot pine-poplar mixed plantation is the most stable. The organic matter content is the highest in abandoned farmland.The rainfall amount and the vegetation growing all cause the changes in soil moisture content.The soil moisture of eight vegetation types all decrease and then increase in April,but in May the soil moisture all increase at first except for elm forest and prunus armeniaca forest.The evapotranspiration of scots pine plantation is 433.27mm, evapotranspiration of grassland is 460.39mm,evapotranspiration of chinese pine plantation is 364.25mm,evapotranspiration of poplar plantation is 414.33mm,evapotranspiration of prunus armeniaca forest is 516.09mm,