潞安矿区土地复垦生态重建研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 通过对山西潞安矿区煤矸石山土壤物理和养分的测定，在室内进行基质改良试 验，对土地复垦区恢复植被进行补水、施肥试验，规划复垦区菊芋栽植试验研究。 取得如下研究成果： 煤矸石山土壤物理性质差，速效养分缺乏，因此，限制矸石山生态重建的关键 因素是干旱、缺水、缺肥。围绕现有土地复垦区植被衰退防治得出植被恢复初期适 时补水对植物生长影响显著，人工施用速率肥措施对针叶树生长促进效果不明显， 表明复垦初期的植物增加水分是防止植物衰退的关键技术措施。基质 D （70%矸石 风化物+10%黄土+20%有机肥）和基质 E （70%矸石风化物+15%黄土+15%有机肥） 能更好的改良土壤的物理性质和养分状况，对植物生长的促进作用更明显。植物根 系对煤矸石山坡面土壤固定作用显著，在相同径流冲刷强度与相同冲刷时间条件 下，表层根系丰富的坡面对土壤抗冲性能的增强效果明显；随着降雨历时增加，坡 面土壤抗冲性能越来越强。在潞安矿区首次引种菊芋植物用于裸露矸石山土地复垦 并取得实效，系统研究了菊芋的生长发育和生物产量积累规律，得出菊芋既是一个 很好的治理矿区废弃地植物新材料，又是一个有发展潜力的产业化开发植物。 关键词：潞安矿区；土地复垦；生态重建；矸石山；基质改良 - I - Abstract Through to determinate soil physical and nutrient on the coal gangue in Luan mining, and have a test of matrix improvement in indoor, supply water and fertilizate to vegetation on land reclamation area, and experiment to introducing Jerusalem artichoke on the reclamation area.The results are as follows: Physical properties of coal gangue soil is difference, and available nutrient is deficiency, so that the key factors which will limit ecological reconstrution of gangue hill are drought, water shortage and fertilizer shortage. Revolving the prevention of plant recession in present land reclamation area and focus on experimental study of the early the reclamation on the reasonable management of vegetation and pests, it has shown that in early regeneration, moderate water has a great effect on plants, and artificial enrichment has little effect on conifer. Increasing water in early regeneration is the key measure in preventing plant recession. Matrix D ( 70% of weathered gangue + 10% loess + 20% organic fertilizer ) and