码-Moreno,2andDavidP.Mindell犩.PDFVIP

More Taxa, More Characters: The Hoatzin Problem Is Still Unresolved Michael D. Sorenson,* Elen Oneal,* 1 Jaime Garcı´a-Moreno,2 and David P. Mindell *Department of Biology, Boston University; and Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan The apparently rapid and ancient diversification of many avian orders complicates the resolution of their relationships using molecular data. Recent studies based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences or shorter lengths of nuclear sequence have helped corroborate the basic structure of the avian tree (e.g., a basal split between Paleognathae and Neognathae) but have made relatively little progress in resolving relationships among the many orders within Neoaves. We explored the potential of a moderately sized mtDNA data set (;5,000 bp for each of 41 taxa), supplemented with data from a nuclear intron (;700 bp per taxon), to resolve relationships among avian orders. Our sampling of taxa addresses two issues: (1) the sister relationship and monophyly, respectively, of Anseriformes and Galliformes and (2) relationships of the enigmatic hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin. Our analyses support a basal split between Galloanserae and Neoaves within Neognathae and monophyly of both Galliformes and Anseriformes. Within Galliformes, megapodes and then cracids branch basally. Within Anseriformes, mitochondrial data support a screamer (Anhimidae) plus magpie goose (Anseranatidae) clade. This result, however, may be an artifact of divergent base composition in one of the two anatids we sampled. With deletion of the latter taxon, Anseranas is sister to anatids as in traditional arrangements and recent morphological studies. Although our data provide limited resolution of relationships with