国际商务 Chap16 中文翻译.pptVIP

International Business 国际商务 Chapter 16 Global Production, Outsourcing and Logistics Introduction 国际公司必须回答五个相关联的问题 1. 生产活动要在哪里进行？ 2. 什么是国外生产地点应该扮演的长期战略角色？ 3. 公司是应该拥有国外生产活动还是最好把生产外包给那些独立的经销商 ？ 4. 对于全球分布的供应链应该如何组织，还有在全球后期管理中基于因特网的信息技术应该扮演一个什么样的角色？ 5. 公司是应该自己管理全球物流后勤还是应该把它外包给专门从事这项管理的公司？ Strategy, Production, And Logistics 公司应该明确应该如何国际化地经营管理生产和物流后勤以便： lower the costs of value creation add value by better serving customer needs Production refers to activities involved in creating a product Logistics物流后勤refers to the procurement and physical transmission of material through the supply chain, from suppliers to customers Strategy, Production, And Logistics 为了降低花费,公司可以： disperse production to those locations where activities can be performed most efficiently manage the global supply chain efficiently to better match supply and demand 为了提高质量，公司应该： eliminate defective products from the supply chain and the manufacturing process Improved quality will also reduce costs Strategy, Production, And Logistics To increase product quality, most firms today use the Six Sigma program which aims to reduce defects, boost productivity, eliminate waste, and cut costs throughout a company为了提高产品的质量，许多公司现在用六西格玛 程序 ，一个旨在减少缺陷，增加生产力，消除浪费和减少公司上下的花费 Six Sigma, a direct descendant of total quality management (TQM), has a goal of improving product quality六西格玛程序, 是全面质量管理的直系后代。它有提高产品质量的目标。 In the European Union, firms must meet the standards set forth by ISO 9000 before the firm is allowed access to the European marketplace在欧盟，公司在被准许进入欧洲市场之前必须达到ISO9000设置的标准 Strategy, Production, And Logistics International companies have two other important production and logistics objectives: production and logistics functions must be able to accommodate demands for local responsiveness生产和后勤物流的功能必须是能够考虑到当地应答性的要求 production and logistics must be able to respond quickly to shifts in customer demand生产和后勤物流必须能够迅速的对消费者的要求的变换作出回应 Where To Produce Three factors are important when making location decisions: