大学物理英文版.ppt

2. Particles（质点） Particle(质点） is an ideal model, in some circumstances（情况、形势）. We can treat a body as a particle, and concentrate on its translational motion(平动） and ignore（忽略） all the other motions. 点： 有质量 无大小 无体积 3. Time（时刻）and time interval(时间） Time t is a given instant, and time interval(间隔）△t is the difference of two given instants. We use the former to describe（描述） the state of the object, the latter to describe the process.（过程） 4.Units(单位） International System of Units(SI: Syst?me International d’Unit?s 法语） is used in China kg:千克 kilogram m length m:米 meter L Time t s:秒 second mass 5. Scalar and vector（标量和矢量）: Two types of physical quantities（量）: Scalars: mass, length, speed, temperature….. Vectors: velocity, acceleration, momentum... Vector A( black) : its magnitude(大小） and direction（方向） may be represented by a line OP directed from the initial point O to the terminal（终） point P and denoted（标记） by Addition（加）: The two vectors A and B is added in following way: C=A+B B A C A B In Cartesian coordinate system（直角坐标系）: are unit vectors along OX,OY,OZ O X Y Z In two dimension（维）: O X Y ? If and , we have: Obviously(显然）: In one dimension In two dimension In three dimension In our teaching, we will mainly deal with（涉及） two dimensional motions: motion in a plane. Rectilinear motion（直线） Curvilinear motion（曲线） Circular motion（圆周） Mechanical motions （机械运动） §1-2 Position Vector and Displacement P(x,y,z) z Y X 1. Position Vector Position vector is a vector that extents from the origin of the coordinate system to the particle’s position as shown in Figure Magnitude: In the two dimension: Its two components （分量） Path equation(轨迹方程） eliminating 消去 2. Displacement(位移): Displacement is introduced to describe the change in position during a given time interval: That is Its magnitude（大小) The geometrical（几何） meaning of and the differences among them. Note: Example 1.1: A particle is located at