虚拟语气用法小结.pptVIP

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  • 2017-08-19 发布于北京
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虚拟语气 用法小结 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 【提问】If you me about it, I would still be unaware of the facts. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. hadn’t told (Experiencing English Extended Book 4 Page 22) 该题中的句子表达的是真实情况吗? 答:题目中的句子表达的是非真实情况,所涉及到的语法点为虚拟语气。用来表达不是客观存在的事实。 原句意为:如果你没有告诉我的话,我至今仍然没有意识到真正的事实。虚拟语气在句中表示“你没有告诉我”这一情况是虚假的,真实情况是“你把事实告诉了我”。 本句的虚拟语气处于与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中,同时,又是否定形式,因此,选择答案D hadn’t told。 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法是最常见的,最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。 表示与事实相反的虚拟语气,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 一、与现在事实相反 从句: 动词的过去式 (be的过去式一般用were) 主句: would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例如: If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你,我就会买。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间,我会学法语。 If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 要是她会英语,她就不用我帮忙了。 二、与过去事实相反 从句: had + 过去分词 主 句would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词 例如:If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果早点起,你就能赶上那趟火车了。 The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. 如果你更细心些,就不会把米饭烧糊了。 If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you at that time. 假如我知道你的电话号码,那时候我就给你打电话了。 三、与将来事实相反 从句:动词过去式;should + 动词原形或were to + 动词原形 主句:would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形 例如: If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好,我就去购物。 If my boy friend should be a rich man, everything would be all right. 如果我男朋友会成为一个有钱人的话,那么事事都没问题了。 If the sun were to rise in the west, we would believe what you said. 如果太阳从西边升起,我们就相信你说的话。 错综时间的虚拟语气 在非真实条件句中还存在错综时间的虚拟语气,在使用时要注意主句与从句的时态。 例如: If he had attended the meeting yesterday (与过去事实相反), he would know the answer to the question now (与现在事实相反). 如果他昨天参加了会议,现在就知道问题的答案了。 If my brother hadn’t invested his money, he would give me a hand to buy the house. 如果我弟弟不把钱都作了投资,他会赞助我买房子的。 Had he received a few more votes in the election, he would be our chairman now. 要是他在选举中再多得几票,现在就是我们的主席了。 虚拟语气倒装 在含有虚拟语气的非真实条件句中,若从句中含有were,should和had这类词时可将这些词置于句首,省略if,构成倒装。 例如:Had he known the result,he would not have

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