高中英语语法虚拟语气.ppt

* 虚拟语气 语气在英文中可分为3种：陈述语气；祈使语气和虚拟语气。 当说话人谈到与事实相反的愿望时，或者主观想象某事可能发生时，或者建议、要求某事发生时，就需要用虚拟语气。 I 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 条件句有真实性条件句和非真实性条件句两种。真实性条件句所表示的假设可能发生，用陈述语气。 如果明年我有足够的钱，我就去日本。 If I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan. 非真实性条件句所表示的假设不可能发生，要用虚拟语气。 would/should/could/ might＋动词原形 过去式 should do were to do 与将来事实相反 would/should/could/ might+ have+过去分词 过去完成式 与过去事实相反 would/should/could/ might+ do 过去式 与现在事实相反 主句的谓语形式 从句的谓语形式 1 与现在事实相反 从句的谓语动词用过去式，be的过去式用were 要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。 If I were you, I would (should, could, might)tell him the truth. 如果他有时间，他就会和你去。 If he had time, he would (should，could, might) go with you. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会没问题的。 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 2 与过去事实相反 如果你仔细一点， 这个错误是可以避免的。 If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided. 假如他受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。 If he had had a good education , he would never have behaved like that. 假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。 If my watch had not stopped, I should have been on time. 3 与将来事实相反 假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？ What should we say to him if he were to come? 假如他看见我， 他会认出我。 If he should see me, he would recognize me. 如果我们爬到山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？ Would we have a good view if we climbed to the top of the mountain? 注意1： If虚拟从句中若含有should, had 或者were，那么就可以把它们提到句首，if省略，其他不变，形成倒装。 如果他在这儿，他会来帮助我们。 Were he here, he would come to help us. 假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。 Had you been here just now, you would have met her. 假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这件事。 Were I to see him tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 注意2 ： 虚拟时，当从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所发生的时间作出相应的调整，这叫“错综/混合虚拟条件句”，尤其要注意提示语：时间状语 如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。 If he had set out earlier, he would get home now. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。 If you had taken my advice ，you would be much better now. If you ____that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t watched We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (＝if we hadn’t g