第十六章衣原体（chlamydia）.pptVIP

第十六章 衣原体（chlamydia） 1、圆形或卵圆形，G-。 2、核酸为DNA和RNA 。 3、严格真核细胞内寄生，有独特的发育周期，二分裂繁殖；原体：感染；始体：繁殖。 4、具有细胞壁，与革兰阴性菌相似，不含胞壁酸。 5、有核糖体和多种酶类，但缺乏能量来源。 6、对多种抗生素敏感。 共同特点 1．发育周期与形态染色 在宿主细胞内繁殖过程，可见到两种形态： （1）原体（elementary body, EB) EB EB 一、生物学性状 形状：球形 电镜下：核质致密和少量核糖体 细胞壁坚韧 存在于细胞外 功能: （1）有很强的感染性（吸附） （2）发育成始体：吸附-被吞噬- 胞膜在原体周围形成空泡-原体在空泡中增大-始体 （2）始体 (initial body) 形状：球形，较原体大，无致密核质，有纤细网状结构- 也称为网状体（reticulate body, RB） 发育周期:原体--始体-空泡内- 二分裂-子代原体-包涵体（inclusion body）-原体成熟-释放-再感染 (24-48h) (无细胞外周期) 是繁殖型，无感染性 染色： Giemsa染色法 原体：红色或紫色 始体：深蓝色 碘染色法： 沙眼衣原体原体：褐色 （因包涵体含糖原） ELEMENTARY BODY (EB) RETICULATE BODY (RB) Size 0.2-0.3 um Size 0.5 - 1.0 um RNA:DNA content = 1.1 RNA:DNA content = 3.1 Infectious Not infectious Adapted for extracellular survival Adapted for intracellular growth Hemagglutinin present Hemagglutinin absent Induces endocytosis Does not induce endocytosis Metabolically inactive Metabolically active EBs are internalized by endocytosis and/or by phagocytosis The EBs bind to receptors on susceptible cells Within the host cell endosome the EBs reorganize and become RBs. The chlamydia inhibit the fusion of the endosome with the lysosomes and thus resist intracellular killing. The entire intracellular life cycle of the chlamydia occurs within the endosome. RBs replicate by binary fission and reorganize into Ebs/inclusions form. RBs synthesize their own DNA, RNA and protein but lack the necessary metabolic pathways to produce high-energy phosphate compounds. (Energy parasites) Inclusion granules contain both RBs and EBs The resulting inclusions may contain 100 - 500 progeny The developmental cycle takes 24-48 h Release of EBs 沙眼衣原体的始体可融合成一个包涵体， 鹦鹉热衣原体不融合，形成多房性包涵