非谓语动词与从旬的相互关系.docVIP

非谓语动词与从旬的相互关系 (一)不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句 　　不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时，要用不定式的被动式，与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。分词作定语时，单个分词置于名词之前，分词短语置于名词之后，与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式，本质是相同的。 　　例如：I have many letters to type．(动宾关系) 　　→I have many letters which I should type． 　　I have many letters to be typed．(被动主谓关系) 　　→I havemanyletterswhich areto be typed by other． 　　The standing people shouted at the dean．(主谓关系) 　　(二)不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句 　　1．不定式多作目的状语和结果状语．故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。 　　例如：Mother got up early to catch the early bus．(目的状语） 　　→Mother got叩early 80 as to(i．order to)catch the early bus． 　　→Mother got up early 80 that(in order that)she migllt catchthe early bus． 　　【注意】80 as to和80 that不可放在句首。 　　She is too young to join the army．(结果状语) 　　She is 80 young tllat she cannot ioin the army． 　　2．分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等，相当于相应状语的从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，则用现在分词；如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时，则用过去分词。分词作状语时，如果其带有逻辑上的主语，称为分词的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。 　　例如：Seeing those pictures．he couldnt help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York．(时间状语) 　　→When he saw those pictures．he eouldnt help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk． 二、非谓语动词与从旬的相互转换 　　(一)不定式与从句之间的转换 　　1．不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。 　　例如：When and where(for．8)to hold the meeting is unknown yet． 　　→When and where Wewill hold the meeting is unknoen yet． 　　2．不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。 　　例如：I dont know what to do with the matter． 　　→I dont know what I should do with the matter． 　　3．不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。 　　例如：IVlywish is to become a pilot after graduation． 　　→My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation． 　　4．不定式作定语可转换成定语从旬。 　　例如：The meeting to be held tomolTow is ofgreat importance． 　　→The meeting that／which will be held is ofgreat importance． 　　5．不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。 　　例如：They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive in time． 　　→They started of early in order that(so that)they could arrive in time． 　　 (二)动名词与从句之间的转换 　　1．动名词作主语可转换成that引导的主语从句。 　　例如：Tom’s knowing English helps him in learning French． 　　→That Tom knowsEn