直接教學法 (2).pptVIP

* Direct Method (DM)  直接教學法 * Introduction What is Direct Method? Background: Direct Method was developed initially as a reaction to the Grammar-Translation Method in an attempt to integrate more use of the target language in instruction. Only use the target language in class. The learner should be actively involved in using the language in realistic everyday situations. Students are encouraged to think in the target language. * Characteristics Teach L2 in the way native speakers learn a language. No L1 language at all. (i.e. No mother tongue) No translation is allowed. Only use the target language in class. Lessons begin with a dialogue using the conversational style in the target language. Material is first presented orally with actions or pictures. Students are encouraged to think in the target language. Grammar is taught inductively. Rules are generalized from the practice and experience with the target language by the students. Little or no analysis of grammatical rules are explained by the teacher. Culture is considered an important aspect of learning the language. * Principles Never translate：demonstrate (示範) Never explain：act (動作) Never make a speech：ask questions (問問題) * Techniques Reading Aloud (朗讀) Question and Answer Exercise (問答練習) ：use L2 Student Self-Correction (學生自我糾正) Conversation Practice (會話練習) Inductive Grammar (歸納文法) Fill-in-the-blank Exercise (填空練習) Dictation (聽寫) ：three times Map drawing (繪製地圖) Paragraph Writing (短文寫作) * Deductive Grammar Vs Inductive Grammar Deductive Grammar (演繹文法) General rule → Specific examples → Practice Inductive Grammar (歸納文法) Specific examples → Practice → General rule * Conclusion Direct Method Classroom instruction relies exclusively on L2. Speaking and listening are taught. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught. Vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures. Focus on oral communication skills. Grammar is taught inductiv