造价知识点(国外英文资料).docVIP

造价知识点(国外英文资料) Highway construction procedure: 1. project proposal 2. feasibility study report 3. preliminary design 4. construction drawing design 5. construction preparation 6. organization construction 7. completion acceptance The difference between the total investment estimate and the preliminary design estimate of the project feasibility study shall be within 10% The basic units of highway construction are construction units, survey and design units, construction units, supervision units, engineering quality supervision units and construction banks. The engineering design is divided into three types: one stage design, two stage design and three stage design. Highway engineering construction generally adopts two stages design, namely preliminary design and construction drawing design. One stage construction drawing design, the three stage design, namely preliminary design, technical design and construction drawing design. Construction cost: the total cost of building a project and bringing it to the design requirements. Valuation features of construction cost: 1. single character, more than 2. times valuation The composition of highway construction cost: Construction and installation costs, equipment, equipment purchase costs, other construction costs, reserve fees Estimate -- project proposal, feasibility study report Preliminary estimate: preliminary design Budget -- construction drawing design Settlement - during construction Final accounts completion Funds for capital construction projects: 1.. Budget 2.; self financing 3. bank loans; 4. foreign capital 5. securities Norm: the amount of work, materials and machines needed to complete a qualified product under normal construction conditions. The characteristics of quota are scientific, systematic, unified, legal and relatively stable Artificial 8h, miners, 7h, scuba, 6h transformers and distribution facilities 24h Construction quota: construction team under normal construction conditions, the completion of q