中考复习——构词法.ppt

构词法 构词法： 合成(Compounding) 派生法（Derivation） 转化法（Conversion） 1.合成： 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。合成次的构成大致有以下几种情况。 1.复合名词： reading-room keyboard seafood doorbell blackboard gentleman handwriting best-seller greenhouse 绅士 阅览室 书法 键盘 畅销书 海鲜 黑板 温室 门铃 2.复合形容词 long-hair first-class snow-white hand-made warm-hearted life-long dark-blue good-looking underground 长发的 一流的 雪白的 手工的 热心的 终身的 深蓝的 好看的 地下的 3.复合动词： safe-guard half-understand overcome 捍卫 一知半解 克服 4.复合数词 fifty-nine forty-five thirty-six ninty-nine 5.复合代词 some/any/no+thing/one/body 6.复合副词 sometimes alongside beforehand nearby 有时地 并排地 事先地 附近地 派生法（Derivation）---词缀法 1.加前缀的构词法: Pre-（前） Pre-reading, Pre-liberation Re-(重新) Rewrite, reconsider, reuse dis-(不) disagree Un-(不) untie, unfair, unbelievable im-, un-, dis-,常表示否定 discover disappear 2.后缀： adj.-ness Happiness, illness, selfishness V-ment Equipment, entertainment, amusement 名词性的词缀： -er, -ist, -or, -ship, -hood n-ist Scientist, socialist -ship Leadership, friendship -hood Childhood, brotherhood, 形容词词性的词缀：-able, -cal, -ish, -like, -ful, -ous, -al acceptable, physical, childish, girlish, manlike, mouthful, hopeful, delicious, dangerous national, natural 副词性的词缀：-ly，-wards quickly, softly, yearly, backwards, forwards 转化法（Conversion） It has a good taste. It tastes very good. book n.书籍 v.记载 record n.记录 v. 记录 This book is very good. He is booking the history. He broke the record. He lies to record something while reading a book. clean adj. 干净 v.清扫 Please keep tidy and clean. You have to clean the blackboard after class.