小议英语语序问题.docVIP

小议英语语序问题 摘要: 笔者通过最简单的英语语言交际现象,透视基本的语言顺序问题。 关键词：语序 顺装 倒装 字词组合完成语言的交际功能。先说什么，后说什么，看似极其平常的事，实际上很值得揣摩。比如，汉语“我是一名老师。”英语“I am a teacher.” 在此我想谈谈英语语序的问题。 我们中国人学习英语往往受母语的影响，即所谓的“Chinglish”现象，其中语序问题就比较突出。比如，You like to do what? I come from Anhui Hefei. My favorite sport is play soccer ball. 诸如此类，不胜枚举。以上的错误句子，既有语法上的，也有语序上的。 我认为交际过程中除习惯用语（口语，俚语等）或特殊用语（祈使语，感叹语等）外，英语语序无外乎有两种：一是顺装，一是倒装。英语顺装句即“主语或主语部分在前，谓语或谓语部分在后”例如，Martin and Jill are standing near some machines. Jill is very angry. Her five pence piece is in a machine but the coffee still is not out. “谓语或谓语部分在前，主语或主语部分在后”即是倒装。疑问句可以认为是典型的倒装语序。比如，Was Lincoln a story-teller? Can you name one different between Detroit and Toronto? What is it? 除此而外，初中阶段最常见的倒装句有以下三种结构： 1,Here /There ＋谓语动词＋名词主语 Here comes the bus. (Or here it comes.) There is a book on the desk. 2,主语A＋否定的谓语部分, neither/nor＋助动词＋主语B.(A不做什么，B也不做什么) ---I haven`t had breakfast. ---Neither/Nor have I . 3, 主语A＋谓语部分，so＋助动词＋主语B.(A做什么，B也做什么) I am 34 years old, so is he. John works here, so does Kate. 其他倒装用法也请同学们注意。如介词短语作表语时倒装可起到强调作用。比如，Many people lost their lives, among these was Miss Evans. A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach, among them were his parents. 位置副词in, out, up, down等位于句首（主语为名词）倒装可起到生动形象的效果。比如，Just at that moment, in come a woman. 英语语序的顺装和倒装在一定程度上概括了英语句子词序的特点。在教学过程中我总结了英语语序的其他几个特点。 1， 词序改变意思不变 比如，Sit down, please. 可说成Please ,sit down. Let`s go to the elephants` house first. 可说成Let`s first go to the elephants` house. 在They are small round cakes with meat, eggs and nuts or something sweet inside.这句中，我认为meat, eggs，nuts 的位置可调换。 2， 词序改变意思改变 比如，He only can speak English.他仅仅能说英语。Only he can speak English. 仅仅他能说英语。 3， 时间，地点由小到大顺序 比如，我住在安徽省肥西县三河镇清平中心学校。I live in Qingping Central School in Sanhe town, Feixi County, Anhui province. 4， 形容词连用顺序 我总结了几句顺口溜：限数量，描绘性，大长高，形新旧， 颜色，国籍和地方，物料分词要梳详。（注：“限”即是限定词，“物料”即为物体的材质。）比如， A lovely little English girl studies in Anhui University. Those big new white desks are in front of t