unit 4 【译论专题】 英汉翻译的关键是如何正确选择词义 在英汉翻译 .ppt

Unit 4 【译论专题】 英汉翻译的关键是如何正确选择词义 在英汉翻译过程中，针对原文的词义正确地选择汉语词义，是保证译文质量的根本一环。 首先一个词在不同的句子中有不同的含义。 1)?? This general was charged with treason..这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。 2)??The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work.委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项研究工作。 类似短语有take charge of, take charge译为“负责”  3)????As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the soldiers charged the enemy position bravely. 总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地向敌人的阵地冲去。4)????She complained that she had been charged too much.她抱怨说，向她收的费太高了。  5)? The powder in place, he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down the charge..火药装好后，他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。 6) This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later.这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内，让你以后付款。 7)???Having charged the battery, he set the engine in motion.电池充电后，他启动了马达。 此外，charge还有如下意义。如charge sb. to do sth.(责令某人做某事)，charge oneself with a task (承担一项任务)等。  现代英国语言学派创始人弗斯(Furth)说过：“Each word when used in a new context is a new word.”(每个词用在不同的句子中就有不同的含义。)苏联翻译理论家巴尔胡达罗夫也主张“多义词的意义通常是通过言语的上下文来揭示的”。作者使用多义词究竟指多义中的哪一义，只能从上下文中去寻找。尤其是遇到常用词时，不要自以为对它们已很熟悉，想当然地把自己已懂得的词义放到译文中去。须知，译者自以为懂了而实际又不懂的地方，往往最容易译错。 1）I want my martini dry.我的马丁尼酒不要甜的。 2) There are still some dry states in the United States. 在美国尚有几州禁酒。 3）? She prefers dry bread.她喜欢无奶油的面包。4）? He cows are dry.这些母牛缺奶。5）He gave us a dry lecture yesterday.昨天他给我们作了一个枯燥无味的讲演。6）? I am sure what he presented was a dry fact.我确信，他所列举的是铁一般的事实 1）Here is a pretty go! 　这件事真难办！2）He is itching to have a go at it. 他跃跃欲试。3）The old man is still full of go. 这位老人仍然精力充沛。4）These brightly colored stockings are all the go this summer.  这些颜色鲜明的袜子今夏很流行。 英语单词good 是个虚指的抽象词语；在不少情况下，可以用它的基本词义“好”来翻译，如a good man（一个好人）,a good book(一本好书)，good news (好消息) 等，但是，比较正规的书面语体里就不能一味用“好”字来翻译good 一词了。例如：1)?It was a girl with good manners.这是一位举止得体的姑娘。2）These were all labeled as good eggs.这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋。 3）Dogs are often regarded as man’s good friends. 狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。 4）…yet, as it sometimes happens that a pe