主动参与教学与目标教学.ppt

主动参与式教学策略与目标教学 邵逸夫医院护理教育部 冯金娥 副主任护师 护理教育硕士 教学目标 通过一个小时授课 根据所提供的资料和介绍，在护生临床教学或在职护士的教育中实施这些教学方法 Learning education theory 教学理论回顾 Learning theories focus on how people learn, whereas educational frameworks /philosophies focus on identifying the methods that will provide student with the conditions that are mostly likely to facilitate attainment of the learning outcomes/ enhance the faculty –facilitated learning environment . 学习理论着重于人们怎么学习,而教育框架/理念着重于用怎样的学习方法来促进学习目标达到/以及营造良好的学习环境 Behavioral learning theories行为学习理论 Based on behaviorist psychology 行为学习理论基于行为心理学 刺激-反应 A behavior is strengthened or weaken in response to positive or negative consequence . 一种行为产生正性或负性结果的反应而达到强化与减弱,, Skinner define learning as a process of behavioral change 学习即为行为改变的过程,正性的结果强化行为, Behavioral objective is the result of the application of principle of behaviorism 行为目标是行为理论原则的应用 特点: 老师主导有组织计划的学习环境 ,学生听从老师指导,使 用行为目标指导他的学习,教学着重于建立正性的学习环境来强化 期望的行为 Adult education theory成人学习理论 Knowles(1980) define “ the art and science of helping adult learn” 帮助成人学习的艺术和科学 Adult are person with a self –concept of being self-directing and being responsible for their own life 成人有自我的概念,能自我把握生活的方向和对生活负责 Faculty must create a relaxed ,psychological safe environment while developing a climate of trust and mutual respect that will facilitate student empowerment . Faculty facilitate , guide or coach adult learners 老师要创造一种放松,安全,相互信赖与尊重的氛围,促进学生的赋能 Student must be able , with support from faculty and peers , to determine their own learning needs and work collaboratively in negotiating their learning experiences. Self-directedness and the ability to pace learning and monitor progress toward completion of goal are essential attributes of adult learners 学生能够确定他们自己的学习需要,参与自我学习经历的制定与完成,按照自己的学习速度,监测自我目标的完成是成人学习者的重要特征. 成人学习中的八大要素 1.学习愿望必须来自于学习者本人，有效的、相关的教学项目能刺激成 年人的学习动力。 2. 教学活动对学习很重要，学习者参与教学过程越多，学到的知识越多。 3.??成人学习提供解决实际问题，给予解决问题的技巧，能促进学习。 4.??反馈是重要的学习动力，能提高学习的有效性。 5.?在充