市场经济学原理_第三章_供给与需求的市场力量.ppt

* 46 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 15 * 19 * 25 * 27 * 28 * 29 * 29 * 29 * 29 * * 30 * 30 * 30 * 30 * 19 * 36 * 36 * 30 * * * 30 * * 37 * * 45 * 46 * * 46 * * * 结论：价格如何配置资源Conclusion：How Prices Allocate Resources 在任何一种经济制度中，必须把稀缺资源配置到不可兼得的各种用途当中。 In any economic system, scarce resources have to be allocated among competing uses. 市场经济利用供给和需求的力量来实现这一目的。Market economies harness the forces of supply and demand to serve that end. 供给和需求共同决定了经济中许多不同物品与劳务的价格；价格又是指导资源配置的信号。 Supply and demand together determine the prices of the economy’s many different goods and services; prices in turn are the signals that guide the allocation of resources. * 总结Summary 经济学家们使用供求模型来分析竞争性市场。Economists use the model of supply and demand to analyze competitive markets. 需求曲线显示了一种物品的需求量如何依赖于价格。 The demand curve shows how the quantity demanded of a good depends upon the price. * 总结Summary 根据需求定律，当一种商品的价格上涨时，需求数量下跌。 According to the law of demand, as the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded falls. 除了价格外，决定需求量的因素还包括收入、税收、预期以及互补品和替代品的价格。 In addition to price, other determinants of quantity demanded include income, tastes, expectations, and the prices of complements and substitutes. * 总结Summary 供给曲线显示了一种物品的供给量如何依赖于价格。 The supply curve shows how the quantity supplied of a good supplied depends upon the price. 根据供给定律，随着一种商品的价格上涨，供给的数量增加。 According to the law of supply, as the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied rises. * 总结Summary 除了价格，决定供给量的其他因素还包括投入要素价格、技术和预期。 In addition to price, other determinants of quantity supplied include input prices, technology, and expectations. 市场均衡决定于供给曲线、需求曲线的交点。Market equilibrium is determined by the intersection of the s