混沌和测量.pptx

Chaos and measurement;What is chaos?; “HALF EGG”;气似质具而未相离谓之混沌。 《易乾凿度》 老子曰：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”这里的道不是0而是chaos。 ;Defining Chaotic Motion;Defining Chaos ;Development History of Chaos;;Chaos and Strange Attractors;Attractors;Types of Attractors;Strange Attractors;Relationship with Chaos Theory;Strange Attractor – an attractor that exhibits sensitive dependence on initial conditions; they usually have fractal structure (infinite detail). There are several types of strange attractors including: Chua – used in electronic circuitry. Duffing – used in nonlinear oscillators. R?ssler – used in chemical kinetics. Ikeda – involved in the turbulence of trails of smoke. Lorenz – used in atmospheric convection.;Lorentz Attractor;Lorentz Attractor contd…;R?ssler Attractor;Henon’s Attractor;Pictures of Strange Attractors;Applications of Attractors;Strange Attractors Chaos;;Chaos in Real World ;The Lyapunov Exponent;What is “chaos”?;Sensitive dependence on the initial conditions ;The Lyapunov Exponent;Definition of Lyapunov Exponents;?;Lyapunov Exponents ;Lyapunov Exponents ;Lyapunov exponent for Logistic Map?;Some Critical Remarks;The sign of the Lyapunov Exponent (2);The signs of the Lyapunov exponents provide aqualitative picture of a system’s dynamics;;Lyapunov Exponents Algorithm;Wolf method;;;;——混沌是确定性非周期流。 ——混沌是表象的无序，内在的有序。 ——混沌是对初始值的敏感，是拓扑传递性及周期点稠密。 ——混沌是随机性。 ——混沌是面包师的杰作。 ——混沌中有着奇异吸引子。 ——混沌的签名是分形。 ——混沌是周期3 ——混沌是正Lyapunov指数。 ——混沌是拓扑熵大于0 ——混沌是信息之源，是信息的膨胀。 ——混沌是局部的不稳定和整体的稳定。 ——混沌是简单与复杂的统一。