第七章 磁共振成像设备.ppt

16 12 Now we’re ready for a simple MR machine. Take the human body and place it in a magnetic field. The protons will rotate in this magnetic field at a known speed of precession. Pulse in some RF energy from a transmitter to energize the protons. Read back the dissipated energy from the protons with a receiver. Process the received signal on a computer to form an image. There are two more things to notice in this simple model. The first is that the computer is cotrolling the transmitter and the receiver. Transmission must occur before reception and reception should occur soon after transmission, as we will see later. Second, the image on the computer screen is represented as a single dot. This is because all the protons in the body are resonating at the same rate. In order to create a discernible image, we need to make protons rotate at different rates, but we’ll pick this up a little later. For now, we’ll just accept that we have just made an image of the entire human body and it is represented as a single white dot in the middle of the screen. This is a diagram describing the generic MR System Hardware. So far we have only talked about the Magnet and the RF Transceiver. The other components are necessary to vary the magnetic field and RFfor various scan techniques, and to display the obtained image. * 计算机系统 操作系统（operating system) 磁共振信号产生 检测 编码 磁体 发射与接收线圈 射频发射器 射频接收器 供电系统 数据采集 存储 图像重建显示 模数转换器 计算机 磁共振成像流程 MRI的优点： 1.无放射线损害，迄今也未见有MRI对人体产生损伤 的报道； 2.软组织密度分辨率高于CT，而空间分辨率也可与 CT相媲美，直径小于2厘米的胰癌也能发现； 3.可直接作任意的切层扫描； 4.成像参数及方法多，所获得诊断信息较CT丰富； 5.一般无需作增强扫描，近年采用的一种特殊的MRI 增强剂（Gd-DT－PA）以增强病灶的信号对比，且 无潜在危险的碘过敏反应； 与CT相比MRI的优缺点 6.借助于质子的流动效应，可清晰显示血管，尤 其是运用数字减影原理可作MRI血管造影； 7.无骨性伪影，对颅窝病变的诊断比CT优越得多。 MRI的缺点： 1.钙化及骨病灶不能显示； 2.扫描时间一般较长，每日能检查的人数较CT少； 3.上腹部MRI仍存在运动伪影干扰； 4.体内有磁性金属物者不能检查； 5.价格昂贵。 与CT相比MRI的优缺点 目录 第六节 磁场的屏蔽 第六节 磁场的屏蔽 （一）等高斯线图 杂散磁场：MRI磁体所产生的磁场，向各个方向散布。 1.以磁体原点为中心向周围空间发散，