粘土土质下定位施氮对小麦农艺性状及不同土层碱解氮分布的影响.docVIP

粘土土质下定位施氮对小麦农艺性状及不同土层碱解氮分布的影响 　　摘 要：为探索粘土条件下施氮量对小麦农艺性状的影响及土层中碱解氮的分布情况，研究了定位施氮对聊麦19群体动态、叶面积指数、产量性状的影响，分析了不同时期0～90 cm土层中碱解氮的分布情况。结果表明，在施氮量165～360 kg/hm2范围内，施氮量的增加提高了小麦分蘖能力和拔节期前的叶面积指数，有效穗数和开花期叶面积指数在施氮量225 kg/hm2时获得最大值；不同土层的碱解氮含量在不同时期均以0～30 cm土层最高，0～60 cm土层碱解氮含量下降缓慢，拔节期至灌浆期小麦生长发育消耗碱解氮最多；在施氮量225 kg/hm2时小麦产量最高，达8 646.1 kg/hm 不同处理间的产量差异均达显著水平，产量构成因素中，有效穗数的差异均显著 关键词：粘土；定位施氮；小麦；农艺性状；碱解氮 中图分类号：S512.106.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2016）12-0107-04 Abstract In order to explore the effects of nitrogen rate on agronomic characters of wheat and distribution of alkali solution nitrogen in different layers of clay soil， the effects of nitrogen fertilization on group dynamics， leaf area index and yield characters of Liaomai 19 were studied， and also the distribution of alkali solution nitrogen in 0～90-cm soil layers in different periods. The results showed that the wheat tillering ability and leaf area index before jointing stage increased with the increase of nitrogen rate in the range of 165～360 kg/hm2. The maximum value of effective panicle number and leaf area index at flowering stage were obtained when the nitrogen rate was 255 kg/hm2. The alkali solution nitrogen content was the highest in 0～30-cm soil layers at different stages， and decreased slowly in the 0～60-cm soil layers. The alkali solution nitrogen was consumed the most during the jointing stage to filling stage. The maximum yield as 8 646.1 kg/hm2 was obtained at 225 kg/hm2 of nitrogen rate. The differences between different treatments in yield and effective panicle number reached significant level. Keywords Clay soil； Positioning nitrogen fertilization； Wheat； Agronomic character； Alkali solution nitrogen 氮素是小麦需求量最大的矿质元素，碱解氮是植物可以直接利用的有效氮素，为小麦产量的提高做出了重要贡献[1]。但是不合理的氮肥使用会造成养分利用率低、流失严重、污染环境等一系列问题[2-4]。关于施氮量对小麦产量与土壤养分含量的影响及氮肥的最佳运筹方式，前人做了很多的研究，彭正萍等[5]认为，土壤中速效氮、磷、钾主要分布在0～30 cm土层中，速效氮、钾在50～70 cm有富集，之后递减；朱统泉等[6]研究认为，在总施氮量165 kg/hm2时，基追比6∶4的施肥方式有利于提高小麦分蘖成穗率；石玉等[7]研究认为施氮量为168 kg/hm2、底追比例为1∶2时，籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、氮肥利用率均较高，损失率最小，且未