主谓一致三个原则.docVIP

主谓一致的三个原则 1. 语法一致原则 Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色。 Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。 The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。 2. 意义一致原则 This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。 Paris is among the largest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。 Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。 意义一致的三个典型用法 1. 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召来了。 注：people 作“民族”解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原则。如：The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。 56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。 2. 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词（或过去分词）”时，谓语动词通常用复数，这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等。另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如： The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。 The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。 A．The + 形容词指人做主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。如： (1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. 过去，穷人常被富人瞧不起。 (2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital. 伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。 B．The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。 3. 形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。 His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。 3. 就近原则 Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。 Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。 即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 1. 连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如： Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。 Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。 Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他