专升本英语语法--关键部分!.pdfVIP

考试通网（）- 专注考试 服务考生 轻松考试 快乐学习 考试通关必选！ 专升本考试英语语法 关键点 一. 虚拟语气 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）这一语法项目是各类英语（论坛）考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语 气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假 设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实 条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够 实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件 句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与 过去事实相反。 ②与现在事实相反。 ③与将来事实可能相反。 I： 最基本的虚拟语气句型： 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式（be 一般用were），主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike， there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday，he would have telephoned you. 3. 本文由考试通网 整理编辑 严禁复制传播！ 考试通网（）- 专注考试 服务考生 轻松考试 快乐学习 考试通关必选！ 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语 形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to leave today， he would get there by Friday 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟 条件句中的连词if省去，而将had ， should， were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder， he would have got through the exams.==》Had he worked harder， he would have got through the exams.If he were to leave today， he would get there by Friday.==》Were he to leave today， he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place， I wouldn’t do that.==》Were I in your place， I wouldn’t do that. 5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise， or， without， but for）、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn‘t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.