新托福口语备考立解题的六大高分原则.docVIP

新托福口语备考独立解题的六大高分原则 朗阁托福考试研究中心 INDEPENDENT SPEAKING TASKS 口语发音中的同化现象是指两个相邻的音连读时，其中一个音受另一个音的影响，变得邻音相同或相似的现象。这两个音或是简化为一个音，或是相互影响，变为第三个音。换句话说，同化是口语连读技巧中很重要的一种现象。本文主要从不同类型的同化现象入手，介绍其规律和特点，从而帮助英语学习者更好地提高口语水平。 In the independent speaking portion of the TOEFL iBT test, you will give two short speeches on topics that are familiar to you. For the personal preference task, you will choose and support a preference from a particular category. For the personal choice task, you will make and support a choice between two contrasting options. 一、顺向型同化 前面的音影响后面的音，叫顺向型同化。这种现象多见于单词读音中，如当名词后加-e (-es)变成复数，动词单数第三人称加-s (-es)或规则动词后加“-ed”变成过去式或过去分词。由于受前面的音的影响，这些后加成分的读音各不相同。如cats和beds其复数形式同样是加“-s”但前者念[s]而后者念[z]原因是前面的音一个是清辅音[t]另一个是浊辅音[d]。加“-ed”情况相同，其读音规律是清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清音，浊辅音后读浊音。如：looked读作[lukt]而love读作[l?vd]。 关于名词后加-s (-es)变成复数，动词单数第三人称加-s (-es)或者规则动词后加“ed”变成过去式或过去分词，由于受前面的音的影响，这些音后面的音发生了同化，其读音规则为：清辅音后读清音，浊辅音后读浊音。例如以下句子： It’s raining cats and dogs. 外面下着倾盆大雨。 He stopped reading and looked up. 这时他停止看书，抬头看看。 “On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine.” “回家的路上，我去看望了我的一个老朋友” He pulled a tired smile when he stepped out of the room. 他从房间里出来时，脸上带着疲倦的微笑。 1. Listen carefully to the task and think about what you must do in your response. Ask yourself these questions: ? What is the topic of the task? ? What am I being asked to do? Then make a mental list of the answers to these questions. For example, look at the following task: Name a skill you have learned and explain why it is important to you. Include details and examples to support your explanation. For this task, you would make a mental list like the following: The topic is about a skill I have learned. I need to: ? Name the skill ? Define the skill if the listener might not know what it is ? Explain its importance ? Include details and examples 二、逆向型同化 前面的音受后面的音影响，叫逆向型同化。如news的最后一个音单独发时是[z]但在复合词newspaper中却读作[s]。news在复合词newspaper中由于受到后面清辅音[p]的影响而清化变成了[s]。又如used to短语本该读成[[ju:zdtu]，但受后面[t]的影响，浊辅音[d]变成了[t]而[t]又影响[z]的读音，使其清化为[s]加上连读规则，整个