管理信息系统简答题.doc.doc

简答题 简述数据、信息、和知识三者之间的关系。 数据是对对现实世界的对象进行记录的原始符号数字字符、文字、图形等等；数据经过处理仍然是数据。处理数据是为了便于更好地解释，只有经过解释，数据才有意义，才成为信息；可以说信息是经过加工以后、并对客观世界产生影响的数据。（2）信息是经过加工后能对决策行为产生影响的数据信息具有主观特性（不同职能部门、不同管理层次对于信息的需求是不同的）（3）所谓知识，就是反映各种事物的信息进入人们大脑，对神经细胞产生作用后留下的痕迹。知识是由信息形成的。（4）在管理过程中，同一数据，每个人的解释可能不同，其对决策的影响可能不同。结果，决策者利用经过处理的数据做出决策，可能取得成功，也可能失败，这里的关键在于对数据的解释是否正确，即：是否正确地运用知识对数据做出解释，以得到准确的信息。 Ellipticity of elbow pipes with diameters less than or equal to 150 mm must be not greater than 8% diameter of 200 mm or less shall not be greater than 6%. Wall thickness of the pipe wall thinning rate must not exceed the original 15%. Crease roughness: diameter 125 mm or less, shall not exceed 3 mm diameter less than or equal to 200 mm, not more than 4 mm. 7.3.9 simmering bending production of square steel tube extension, to use the whole tube bending. Interface if necessary, the welding position should be located in the middle of the vertical arm. 7.3.10 install expansion joints should be done. If design is not required, pipe compensator lengthen should conform to the requirements in the following table: square scale length δ x is equal to 1/2. Pre stretch tolerance: casing + 5 mm, +10 mm. 7.3.11 pipe form, location, spacing shall meet the design and specifications. 7.3.12 piping on back or return pipe at higher levels of the upper to automatic valve to install a drain valve below the horizontal parts. 7.3.13 supports and hangers of checks and the number 1) hanger installed must be checked before installation of supports and hangers part models, specifications of springs setting values, whether the materials meet the requirements of drawings and documents; 2) supports and hangers of material, size and accuracy shall conform to the provisions of the design drawings, material technical requirements should be consistent with national standards, industry standards and technical requirements related to the alloy spectrum review should be carried out; 3) pipe supports and hangers part plant product quality certifi