有机化学结构与功能5th答案sg_ch22.pdfVIP

1559T_ch22_389-408 10/19/05 17:23 Page 389 22 Chemistry of Benzene Substituents: Alkylbenzenes, Phenols, and Benzenamines In this chapter you continue to study the chemistry of aromatic compounds. You find out about reactions at a carbon attached to a benzene ring (a “benzylic” carbon) and about more transformations of benzenes contain- ing either hydroxy or amino groups connected directly to the ring. In all these cases the interaction of the ben- zene ring with the attached groups modifies their chemistry significantly. Outline of the Chapter 21-1 Benzylic Resonance Stabilization Carbons attached to benzene rings display enhanced reactivity. 22-2 Benzylic Oxidations and Reductions Including one especially useful oxidation of alkyl side chains. 22-3 Naming and Properties of Phenols 22-4 Preparation of Phenols: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Useful new methods for synthesizing benzene derivatives. 22-5 Alcohol Chemistry of Phenols 22-6 Electrophilic Substitution of Phenols 22-7 Claisen and Cope Rearrangements 22-8 Oxidation of Phenols: Benzoquinones Aromatic alcohols: how the functional groups affect one another. 22-9 Oxidation–Reduction Processes in Nature 22-10, 22-11 Arenediazonium Salts and Diazo Coupling Using aromatic amines to synthesize substituted benzenes. Keys to the Chapter 22-1. Benzylic Resonance Stabilization Chemical reactivity at a saturated carbon atom attached to a benzene ring is greatly enhanced over that of o