专业四级考试-语法专项.ppt

专业四级考试-语法专项 五大高频考点 虚拟语气 从句 时态、语态和主谓一致 非谓语动词 倒装、省略、比较结构和反意疑问句 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 例1 If there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier to learn. (真题2009） could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been 虚拟语气 2. 省略if的虚拟条件句的用法 在虚拟条件句中，有时可将if省去，而把were, had或should提到主语之前，引起倒装。如果句中没有were, had或should等，则不能省略if,也不能用倒装结构。 例2_______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. (真题2002） Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 虚拟语气 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 有些时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的。这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。 例3 _____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (真题2004） Would you be surprised Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised 虚拟语气 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 条件句中的虚拟语气除了用连词if引导外，还可用but for, without, with, in the absence of, under, but, or, but that, otherwise, supposing, provided等形式引导。例如： With the basic data collected one month earlier, we should have more time to check them. But for their help, we could not have finished the work on time. 虚拟语气 二、从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用 （1）wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要形式为： ?表示与现在相反的愿望：wish+主语+动词过去式； ?表示与过去相反的愿望：wish+主语+had+过去分词或would/could+have+过去分词； ?表示与将来相反的愿望：wish+主语+would/could/might+动词原形。 例如：I wish I were as strong as you. Tom wishes that he had studied business instead of history in university. 虚拟语气 （2）had hoped (that) +would+动词原形表示过去没有实现的愿望，意为“本来想要，但愿”，例如： I had hoped that I wouldn’t bore you by talking about my children. 虚拟语气 (3) would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well, would prefer后面跟虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿”，“但愿”，形式为：would rather +主语+动词过去式，表示现在或将来的愿望；would rather+主语+动词过去完成时，表示过去的愿望，例如： I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather I had not gone to the party yesterday evening. 虚拟语气 (4) if only引导的感叹句表示“但愿”，“要是….就好了”。它的用法和 I wish 基本相同。例如： If only I had more time to t