人教版必修一至必修四语法大全.doc

语法： 一、倒装结构 1. 副词here,there, in, out,up ,down, away,back,now, then, ahead 等位于句首,当谓语动词是be,come, go, follow,run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时,需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即全部倒装。Here comes the bus. 注意:A 此类倒装不用进行时态度。B若主语是代词时，不用倒装。---Where is your dog? ---There it is. 2. 含有否定意义的词放句首，部分倒装。 A具有否定意义的副词放句首： not,never,seldom,hardly, rarely.little,scarely,few… Never has she seen a movie like that. B,含有否定意义的连词放句首:not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than.., scarely..than..,Hardly..when.., not until... *not only, no sooner,hardly.scarely要倒,but (also), than, when后面的句子不倒. neither..nor..两部分都倒装。 No sooner had she fallen asleep than she heard a knock at the door. Hardly had it grown dark when she realized it is too late to go home. Not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it. Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground. C, 含有否定意义的介词放句首：by no means, In no time,in no case, on no account,under no circumstances... By no means could he succeed. 3 only＋状语，部分到装 Only when she came home did he learn the news. 4 表示上文的状况也适合另外一人或事： 肯定:so+助动词(动/情态)+主语 I have finished reading the text, so has my sister. 否定:neither(nor)+助动(动/情态)+主语 I could not persuade him to accept it, nor could I make him see its importance. 5 as 作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句 Much as he likes her,he does get annoyed with her sometimes. 6 so ..that.., such ..that..的句子结构中，若so,such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒。 So confused did he become that he didn’t know how to start his lecture. 7 省略if的虚拟条件倒装句 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 （与现在事实相反） 过去式 （be: were） Should(would, could, might)+v （与过去事实相反） had done Should(would, could, might)+have done （与将来事实相反） 一般过去式 were to +原形 should +原形 同1 Were they to arrive/ should they arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. They would certainly have come and helped us had they had time. Had it not been for my illness, I would have lent him a helping hand. 8为使描