倒装与前移.ppt

倒装与前移 倒装仅指主语与谓语动词的相对位置。英语句子通常以“ 主语+谓语“ 的顺序排列，这种语序称为正常语序或自然语序 。但有时谓语或谓语的一部分跑到主语之前，这就形成了倒 装语序。倒装语序可分为两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。整个 谓语置于主语之前的称为全部倒装：谓语的一部分（助动词 情态动词）置于主语之前的称为部分倒装。而句子的其它成 分（宾语，表语，宾语补足语等）移到主语之前而不引起主 语与谓语位置变化的，则称为句子成份的前移。 一.引导词there引导的倒装句 表示“存在”的there be句型，主语在be动词之后。除be 之外，谓语动词还可用come, exist, lie,remain, live等 * There are fifty students in our class. * In 1895 there came a war between the two countries. 二. 地点副词here,there和时间副词then等引出的倒装句 以地点副词here, there和时间副词then, now, next等开 头的倒装句，其谓语动词一般为be, come, go, follow等不 及物动词。这样的句子多用一般现在时；then 和next开头 的句子多用过去时。 Here is the address of your hotel. Now comes your turn. ***** Here he comes. 三. 表示“运动方向”的副词引出的倒装句 表示“运动方向”的副词up, down, out, off, back, below in, above等在句首，而且谓语动词为不及物动词。 Down fell a dozen apples. Up went the arrow into the air. *****Away they went. 四. 表示地点的介词短语引出的倒装句 表示地点的介词短语在句首，且谓语为不及物动词时。 Under the tree sat some students. At the school gate stood a guard. ***** Behind the counter he stood. 五. 以否定词语开头的倒装句 为了加强句子的否定语气，常将一些否定词语置于句首， 这时一般引起部分倒装。常见的含有否定意义的副词，连词 或词组有：never, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere, few, not until, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time , on no account( 任何原因都不),hardly / scarcely / barely…when…, no sooner …than…, under / in no circumstances, no longer等 1. Never have I heard or seen such a thing. 2. Little did he know that the police were after him. 3. Hardly had he arrived home when it began to rain. 4. Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it. 5. Not only do I know her, but also I am her best friend. 6. At no time should you place your personal interest first. 7. No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions. ***** 当not否定主语或not only …but also…连接两个主语时就不用倒装语序。 1. Not a word was said. 2. Not only you but also I will attend the meeting. 六. 以only强调状语的倒装句 副词only所强调的方式状语，地点状语，条件状语，时间状语等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。 1. Only then did I realize I made such a