动名词70页.ppt

English Grammar Non-Predicate Verbs 1 Terms 2 features 3 differences 4 application 5 practice Terms 不定式: infinitive 动名词: gerund 分词: participle 现在分词: present participle 过去分词: past participle Non-predicate Verbs 既有非动词特征， 又有动词特征。 非动词特征 不定式: 具有n. adj. adv. 特征，在句中担任除谓语外任何成分； 动名词: 具有n. 特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语； 分词: 具有adj. adv. 特征,在句中可作主语、表语、宾补、状语； 动词特征 ①有语态和部分时态的变化； ②可以有自己的宾语和状语，同其宾语和状语一起构成短语； ③还可有逻辑主语; difference 动名词—名词；习惯性动作 不定式—将来；一次性动作 现在分词: 动作正在进行；表主动 过去分词: 动作已经完成；表被动 Application Infinitive Gerund Participle Infinitive Form Usage Testing Structure Omission of “to” Practice to + v.原形 (主动)一般式 not to do 否定式 to be doing 主动进行式 to have done 主动完成式 to have been doing 主动完成进行式 to be done 被动一般式 to have been done 被动完成式 ⊙关于不定式的时态，考试中主要测试一般式、进行式和完成式的区别，多数试题将正确答案设置在完成式上。 研读和比较下列句子。 ＊as object He loved to listen to music. I find it difficult to speak English fluently. ＊as adverbial of purpose I started early (so as) to / (in order) to get there before dark. so as to 和 in order to 是不定式的强调形式 so as (not) to用在句中 in order (not) to 用在句中或句首 ＊As object complement China expects everyone to do his duty. I could make them understand me. Testing Structure 1 否定式 2 特殊疑问词+不定式 介词+特殊疑问词+不定式 3 复合结构 4 独立结构 5 分离不定式 ＊否定式 You must promise never to do that again. You’d better not be late next time. ﹡omission of “to” 1 set phrase 2 set structure 3 sentence with special conjunction or preposition 4 as predicative 7 cannot choose but （只得） 8 cannot help but （不得不） cannot help + doing 9 can but = can only （只得，充其量不过） ＊as adverbial of cause We are proud to be members of this team. We jumped with joy to hear of the good news. ＊as adverbial of result He is too young to go to school. I hurried to the railway station only to find that the train had left. He behaved so foolishly as to be laughed by his friends. His story is so sad as to arouse our sympathy. ＊as complement A object complement B subject complement 作宾补 She asked me to stay there. 1