句子成分和非谓语动词.doc

句子成分 主语谓语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语 主语: 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this claare girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的) 二、谓语: 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: He practices running every morning.动词或动词短语You may keep the book for two weeks. （情态动词He has caught a bad cold. （助动词We are students. （系动词+表语） 三、表语: 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold. (形容词) The speech is exciting. (分词) Three times seven is twenty one? (数词) His job is to teach English. (不定式) His hobby (爱好) is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order. (介词短语) Time is up. The clais over. (副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句) 宾语: 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 They went to see an exhibition(展览) yesterday. (名词) The heavy rain prevented me fm coming to school on time. (代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. (数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me. (不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名词短语) I think (that) he is for this post. (宾语从句) Lend me(间接宾语your dictionary(直接宾语), please.双宾语宾语(宾补)复合宾语宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般某些及物动词 (如make/ find/ name/ call/ elect/ have/ get/leave/ keep等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 His father named him Dongming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) Let the fresh air in. (副词) You mustnt