句子结构和类型.ppt

Members and Types of Sentences 一.Members of sentences 1. 主语The Subject :表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。 Lucy is an American girl.We study in Qiuxi Middle School.Getting up early is a good habit.To see is to believe .Two and two is four. What he said is a fact. 2.谓语The Predicate :说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。 We love China.Mike hopes to be a doctor.His parents are farmers .She is singing . 3.表语The Predicative : 说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，和系动词一起构成谓语。 Her aunt is a driver .Are you ready?We were at home last night. I am scared of snakes. The movie is boring. 4.宾语The Object : 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词短语等充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么 . He often helps me.We study English at school. We enjoy learning English. He refused to help me. 5.定语The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词，作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。 The black bike is mine. we have four lessons in rhe morning . what is your name ,please? 6.状语The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示。 . People are all working hard . It is very nice . we had a meeting this afternoon 7.补语The complement :补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语，补充宾语叫宾语补足语。一般由名词，v-ing ,v-ed, to do,adj ,adv,prep-phrases,etc He made me laughI found the box empty.Who had the machine running all the time . 8.同位语appositive :一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行补充说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对... We?students?should?study?hard.?/?(students 是we 的同位语） 1、 指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ②The useful dictionary was given to by my mother. 2、选出句中谓语的中心词） ① I dont like the picture on the wall. ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. 3、挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasnt done his homework. ②They made him monitor of the class. 　　 4 、挑出下列句中的表语） ① The old man was feeling very tired. 　② Why is he worried about Jim? 　　　　　 5、挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr,Mrs with the family name. 　 ② Wha