2015秋中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之完形填空说明文(含精析)概要1.doc

中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之完形填空说明文（含精析） (二) 明确说明对象　关注说明文 一、命题特点 常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法(步骤)介绍, 产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。这类文章主要有以下几个特点: 1. 内容的客观性 说明文客观地说明、介绍、解释或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象, 使读者获取一定的信息或知识, 语言直白, 没有主观的评论或情感的抒发。 2. 篇章的条理性 说明文层次分明, 脉络清晰, 有条有理。有的按空间顺序进行说明, 有的按时间顺序进行说明, 有的按因果关系进行说明, 有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明, 有的先概述后举例, 有的先举例后概述, 也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开(如: 解析为什么、如何做等方面的问题)等。 3. 语言的朴实性 说明文的目的是让读者获取信息, 明白事理, 因此, 文章的作者会用朴实、易懂和准确的语言或使用数据进行说明。 二、解题技巧 1. 根据上下文的词语暗示来选择。 找到上下文的相关信息, 特别是有暗示性的词语, 就容易找到正确的选项了。 2. 根据上下文的行文逻辑来选择。 短文是由有一定逻辑关系的句子组成的, 任何一句话都不是孤立存在的, 而是要靠上下文作依托, 相互之间存在一定的联系。只要我们把握好了空格前后的行文逻辑, 再活用所学语言知识, 就能选出正确答案。 3. 根据文化背景和生活常识来选择。 有时, 先前所积累的文化背景知识和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题。 4. 紧扣上下文, 巧用排除法。 有时, 做题很难从正面确定答案, 尤其是答案碰巧是一个你不认识的单词, 而其他三个选项你都认识的时候, 紧扣上下文, 巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜。 例题分析 (2014·黄冈中考) Many books have been written about“the art of giving”. And we also know that it’s hard to give people a gift, 46 a personal one. If we want to make it better, we should understand who you will give the gift to and their likes and 47 . As is often the case, some little kids think they don’t get enough gifts 48 some old people think they get too many gifts. Different people like different kinds of gifts. Some presents are never too 49 . For example, when a little child just gives his or her mother a leaf from a tree, it is enough to make her very 50 . Gift giving is different in different 51 . Here are some of their likes. In Japan, people sometimes give special gifts. But they are not opened. Later, the same gift may be given away to someone 52 , because many people have enough things and don’t want 53 gifts themselves. In Canada, a tree can help remember 54 . In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buying them gifts. In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People don’t need to 55 much money. Instead, making a meal for him or her is enough. To make things 56 , some people would rather just give money. In some culture