SPE固相萃取技术的原理类型方法和应用.ppt

1、Reversed-phase bonded silica sorbents having alkyl groups such as octadecyl (C18, C18), octyl (C8, C8), or ethyl (C2, C2) covalently bonded to the silica gel backbone or cyclohexyl (CH) or phenyl groups and sorbents composed of polymeric resins such as polystyrene–divinylbenzeneinteract primarily with analytes via van der Waals forces. 2、Nonionic watersoluble compounds can be retained by reversed-phase sorbents but may not be as well retained as analytes that are soluble in methanol or methanol–water miscible mixtures. 3、Normal-phase polar sorbents, such as silica, alumina, and Florisil, and cyano (CN) bonded phases interact by polar-dipole/dipole forces between polar functional groups in the analyte and the polar surface of the sorbent. 4、Amino (NH2) and diol sorbents interact with analytes by hydrogen bonding. 5、Hexane-soluble analytes are best retained by normalphase sorbents such as silica or Florisil or polar functionally substituted bonded phases such as amino or diol. 6、Strong cation-exchange (SCX) and strong anion-exchange (SAX) sorbents interact primarily through electrostatic attractions between the sorbent and the analyte. 7、Graphitized carbon sorbents exhibit both nonspecific van der Waals interactions and anionexchange, or electrostatic, attraction for analytes. 1、Dependence of Sorption on Sample pH If a compound is ionizable, the extraction will be pH dependent. Monomethyl (MMP), Monoethyl (MEP), Mono-n-propyl (MPRP), Mono-n-butyl (MBP), Mono-n-pentyl (MPEP), Mono-n-octyl (MOP) Phthalates（邻苯二甲酸盐酯） 2、Dependence of Sorption on Sample Volume Breakthrough volume as the point at which 1% of the sample concentration at the entrance of the sorbent bed is detected at the outlet of the sorbent bed. The type and quantity of sorbent, hydrophobicity and ionizability of the analytes, and sample volume and pH interactively determine the breakthrough volume. The breakthrough volume for a specific mass