口腔生物化学1201(国外英文资料).docVIP

口腔生物化学1201 The liver is the largest organ in the body and the largest gland in the body. Its unique morphology, histological structure and chemical composition endow the liver with complex and diverse biochemical functions. Liver is not only in the body of sugar, lipids, proteins, vitamins, hormones and other substances in the metabolism of the central position, but also with biological transformation, secretion and excretion and other aspects of physiological functions. Section 1 biotransformation (1) concepts There are many non nutritive substances in the human body, which neither constitute the raw material of the cell nor oxidize the energy supply, and have certain biological effects or potential toxicity to the human body. Before the excretion of these non nutrients, the organism needs to metabolize them, increase its water solubility, increase its polarity and be excreted easily through bile or urine. Biotransformation: non nutritive substances in the liver, after oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and binding reaction, the lipid soluble substances of strong polarity groups, increase the water solubility, and easily with bile or urine, a process known as the biological transformation of liver. Non nutrients are divided into two categories: endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous hormones, neurotransmitters, and metabolites Exogenous: drug, poison, gastrointestinal tract putrefaction products (two) reaction type; (three) physiological significance Is the physiological significance of biotransformation, through biotransformation of the body of most non nutritive substances for metabolic conversion, the reduction or loss of biological activity (inactivated), or to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of toxic substances (detoxification), can also increase the non nutrients water solubility and polarity, thus is easily discharged from the bile or urine. However, although some non nutrients undergo biotransformation of liver, the toxicity increases as the solubility increa