新目标英语八年级下第10单元知识讲解及随堂练习.docVIP

Unit 9 ?Ive had this bike for three years. Teaching Goals:1. Learn and master the new words and phrases: 2. Talk about past experience ( present perfect tense)Important Points of Teaching?1. Train the students ability by talking past experience (present perfect tense )?2. Train the students listening ability by listening practice. Difficult Points of Teaching1. The usage of since and for in the present perfect tenseTeaching Methods:1. Talk about fun places to arouse the ss interest in the past experience.2. Asking-and-answering activities to improving the ss speaking Key points: since for since和for是现在完成时态中常见的表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态的标志词。Since “自从……”，for “持续了……”。since用来说明动作的开始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 since +过去的时间点，如：年，月，日，几点等 Since 1989 +时间段+ago since 3 month ago +一般过去时的从句 since you left me It is+时间段+since+一般过去时的从句 It is five years since I came here. for for+一段时间 since与for的句式转换 since+时间段+ago=for+时间段 They havent changed since twenty years ago.=They havent change for twenty years. 注意： 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，短暂性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。若现在完成时的句子中含表示时间段的时间状语（如含since,for引导的时间状语），则谓语只能使用延续性动词。 持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的，如： live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke ①常与段时间连用。例如：Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。 He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。 ②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。 例如：Mary has worked at eight. (×) She walked at five yesterday. (×) 瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止，如：open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,marry, reach,receive , sell,等。 a. 从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”, 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内）就完，成了“开始—结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” b. 有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for? A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been