时态语态讲与练.ppt

时态、语态讲与练（一） 时态与语态（二） 语态的含义：英语中，体现句子主语与动词之间关系的语法形式。 语态的分类： 主动语态： 被动语态：  几种常见时态的被动语态形式:1. 一般现在时 is /am /are + done 2. 一般过去时 was/ were + done3. 现在进行时 is/ am/ are being +done4. 过去进行时 was/were being +done5. 现在完成时 has/ have been + done 6. 过去完成时 had been + done7. 一般将来时 will/ shall be + done // is/ am/ are going to be + done // is /am/ are to be + done//is/am/are about to be done8. 过去将来时 would / should be + done 现以及物动词tell为例，列表如下：以动词tell为例 注意:  转换时,要注意到时态的一致性、人称代词的变化及被动中的谓语动词的单复数问题。 被动结构中，由be动词来表示其时态特点；其谓语动词在人称和数方面应与被动中的主语保持一致。 一、复习练习：用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1. If you go on like this, you ____________ (punish) sooner or later. 2. One of the stadiums __________________ (complete) by the end of last year. 3. My best friend stays at home now, for her house ___________ (decorate). 4. About 3,000 English words _____________ (learn) so far. 　二、被动语态的用法：　 1. 不知道或无必要说出动作的执行者：　 e.g. Suddenly a shout was heard. / Football is played all over the world.　 2. 出于礼貌,委婉的表述:　 e.g. You are requested not to touch the exhibits.　 3. 突出或强调行为或动作的承受者:　 e.g. Such books are written for children.　 4. 有时主语较长或为句子整体结构的更合理安排:　 e.g. It has been known to him that many friends will come to see him.　 The well-known singer got on the bus and was recognized by people.　 　三、特殊的被动情形　 (1) 含情态动词的被动语态 如: must + be done // have been done 　 1. Your car _____________ (不能停放)here. Look, there is a sign reading “No Parking”.　 2. The test paper ________________ (应该被完成) yesterday.　 3. The house _________________(过去漆成白色), but now it’s pink.　 　(2) 少数动词常用其所接的不定式来表示被动意义 seem/ happen/ appear　 1. Their talk happened ____________ (hear) by the teacher.　 2. On the way we happened _____________ (catch) in the rain. (3) 短语动词在被动中不可遗漏其介词或副词　 1. The doctor has ______________________ (派人去请).　 2. Black people used to ________________________(看不起).　 3. Elderly people should ________________________(好好照顾).　 4. The problem will _____________________ (给予更多关注).