Chapter 5 英译汉的疑点(形合意合)概要1.pptVIP

Chapter 5 英译汉的疑点 Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis Hypotaxis(形合法) is the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives. Eg. I shall despair if you don’t come. Parataxis(意合法) is the arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Eg. The rain fell; the river flooded; the house washed away. Chinese sentence building is featured by parataxis. Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis To clarify the relations between words, phrases or clauses, English more often resorts to overt cohesion(显性接应)，frequently using various cohesive ties such us relatives (relative or conjunctive pronouns and adverbs, eg. who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how), connectives (coordinate or subordinate conjunctions, eg. and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, (n)either … (n)or …, when, while, as, since, until, so … that, unless, lest), prepositions, and some others. Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis 就汉语和英语而言，也许在语言上最重要的一个区别就是形合和意合的对比，在英语及大多数印欧语言中，句子的从属关系大多是用连接词，如if, when, so that等词明确地表达出来。但是，同一概念，汉语用意合的方法也基本可以表达出来，两个句子之间的关系主要通过句子本身的意思体现出来。（Eugene A. Nida，1982：16） Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis 汉语意合语言和英语形合语言 : 雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。可别恼，看，像花针，像细雨，密密地斜织着，屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。（朱自清《春》） 试比较： 雨是最寻常的，（它）一下就是三两天。（不过）（你）可别恼，（你）（试着向外边）看，（它正在下着），像花针，（也）像细雨，（它那么）密密地斜织着，（以至于）（人家的）屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。 Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis The assertion / that it was difficult, / if not impossible, / for a people to enjoy its basic rights / unless it was able to determine freely its political status and to ensure its economical, social and cultural development / was now scarcely contested. 试比较： （如果）一个民族不能自由地决定其政治地位，不能自由地保证其经济，社会和文化的发展，要享受其基本权利，/ 即使不是不可能，也是不容易的。这一论断是无可置疑的了。 Hypotaxis vs. Parataxis More examples: 1. All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell. 过了一些时候，从远方传来了消息：在小铜球坠落的当天，确实发生了地震。这一切终于得到了澄清。 2. When I try to understand what it is tha