Chapter 5 meaning 3译意概要1.ppt

Chapter 5 Meaning Instructor: Wu Min Outline Review 5.1 Meanings of “meaning” 5.2 The referential theory 5.3 Sense relations 5.4 Componential analysis 5.5 Sentence meaning This lecture 5.5 Sentence meaning 5.6 Utterance meaning 5.7 Summary and discussions Review Meanings of “meaning” Meaning = Semantics + Pragmatics Linguistic semantics Conceptual meaning The referential theory The semantic triangle Sense and reference / connotation and denotation Review word thing concept word ------------------------- thing Review Sense relations Synonymy: style, connotation, dialect Antonymy: gradable, complementary, converse Hyponymy: superordinate, hyponym, co-hyponyms Componential analysis Semantic features: Father = PARENT (x, y) MALE (x) Sentence meaning Definition The integrated theory logical semantics Review living plant animal bird fish insect animal human animal tiger lion elephant … Review 5.5 Sentence meaning 3. Semantic relations involving sentences Words --- synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy Sentences --- semantic relations --- ? Paraphrase Contradictory / contradiction Entailment Presupposition 5.5 Sentence meaning (1) Paraphrase Paraphrase is to sentences as synonymy is to words. A. The football game is over. B. The football game has finished. A. Zhangsan sold a bike to Lisi. B. Lisi bought a bike from Zhangsan. 5.5 Sentence meaning (2) Contradictory Two sentences contradict each other. A. I am an only boy. B. I have a brother. A. The sign is round in shape. B. The sign is triangle in shape. 5.5 Sentence meaning (3) Entailment The truth of one sentence logically implies the truth of another, but the reverse is not necessarily the case. A. Ben bought some roses. B. Ben bought some flowers. A. John saw the elephant. B. J