Chap_06供给需求与政府政策(PPT56)选讲概要1.pptVIP

Supply, Demand and Government Policies供给、需求与政府政策 Chapter 6 Controls on Price... 价格控制… Are usually enacted when policymakers believe the market price is unfair to buyers or sellers. 当政策制定者认为市场价格对买者或卖者不公平时，往往实行价格控制。 Result in government-created price ceilings and floors. 这就促使政府实行价格上限和价格下限政策。 Controls on Price... 价格控制… Price Ceiling 价格上限 A legally established maximum price at which a good can be sold. 可以出售一种物品的法定最高价格。 Price Floor 价格下限 A legally established minimum price at which a good can be sold. 可以出售一种物品的法定最低价格。 A Price Ceiling That Is Not Binding... 没有限制作用的价格上限... A Price Ceiling That Is Binding... 有限制作用的价格上限... How Price Ceilings Affect Market Outcomes Effects of Price Ceilings A binding price ceiling creates ... shortages because QD QS. Example: Gasoline shortage of the 1970s nonprice rationing Examples: Long lines, Discrimination by sellers 价格上限如何影响市场结果 价格上限的作用 有限制作用的价格上限造成... 短缺，因为 QD QS. 例子: 70年代的汽油短缺 非市场价格方式配给 例子: 排长队, 卖者歧视 Lines at the Gas Pump 加油站前的长队 The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Not Binding... 汽油的价格上限没有限制性… The Price Ceiling on Gasoline Is Binding... 汽油的价格上限有限制性... Rent Control in the Short Run and Long Run Rent controls are ceilings placed on the rents that landlords may charge their tenants. The goal of rent control policy is to help the poor by making housing more affordable. One economist called rent control “the best way to destroy a city, other than bombing.” 短期中和长期中的租金控制 租金控制——房东能向房客收取的租金上限。 这一政策的目的是帮助穷人更能租得起住房。 一位经济学家称租金控制是“除了轰炸之外毁灭一个城市的最好方法”。 Rent Control in the Short Run... 短期的租金控制... Rent Control in the Long Run... 长期的租金控制... How Price Floors Affect Market Outcomes When the government imposes a price floor, two outcomes are possible. The price floor is not binding if set below the equilibrium price. The price floor is binding if set above the equilibrium price, leading to a surplus. 价格下限如何影响市场结果 当政府实行价格下限时，可能出现两种价格： ? 如果价格下限低于均衡价格，价格下限没有限制作用。 ?如果价格下限高于均衡价格，价格下限对市场有限制作用，导致过剩。 A Price Floor Tha