Computer Networks slide 04计算机网络课件.pptVIP

The Media Access Control Sublayer Contents The Channel Allocation Problem How to gets to use the channel in any broadcast network Broadcast channels, referred to as multiaccess channels or random access channels Multiple Access Protocols The protocols used to determine who goes next on a multiaccess channel belong to a sublayer of the data link layer called the MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer. Technically, the MAC sublayer is the bottom part of the data link layer Ethernet Data Link Layer Switching The Channel Allocation Problem Static Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs FDM, TDM Dynamic Channel Allocation in LANs and MANs Station Model Single Channel Assumption Collision Assumption. Frame transmission time: Continuous Time, Slotted Time. Carrier Sense, No Carrier Sense. Multiple Access Protocols ALOHA: Pure ALOHA let users transmit whenever they have data to be sent, due to the feedback property of broadcasting, a sender can always find out whether its frame was destroyed by listening to the channel If the frame was destroyed, the sender just waits a random amount of time and sends it again Slotted ALOHA: divide time into discrete intervals, each interval corresponding to one frame Pure ALOHA In pure ALOHA, frames are transmitted at completely arbitrary times. Pure ALOHA (2) Vulnerable period for the shaded frame. Multiple Access Protocols Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols(CSMA) Protocols in which stations listen for a carrier (i.e., a transmission) and act accordingly are called carrier sense protocols. 1-persistent CSMA: If the channel is busy, the station waits until it becomes idle. The protocol is called 1-persistent because the station transmits with a probability of 1 when it finds the channel idle. If the first stations signal has not yet reached the second one, the latter will sense an idle channel and will also begin sending, resulting in a collision. nonpersistent CSMA: if the channel is already in use, the station does not c