洛阳理工专业英语课件剖析.ppt

The modulus [‘m?djul?s] 模量，模数of elasticity, or Young’s modulus, is the slope [sl?up] 斜率 of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region. This relationship is Hooke’s law. The modulus is closely related to the forces bonding 原子间的结合 the atoms in the material. A steep slope in the force-interatomic [,int?r?‘t?mik]原子间的 spacing 间距 graph at the equilibrium spacing indicates 暗示（formulate 阐述） that high forces are required to separate the atoms and cause the metal to stretch 拉长 elastically. Thus, the metal has a high modulus of elasticity. Binding forces 结合力, and consequently [’k?nsikwentli] 结果，因此 the modulus of elasticity, are higher for high melting point metals. The modulus is a measure of the stiffness 刚度 of the material. A stiff 硬的 material, with a high modulus of elasticity, maintains its size and shape even under an elastic load. If we are designing a shaft [?ɑ:ft] 轴 and bearing 轴承（beer 啤酒）, we may need very close tolerances 公差. But if the shaft deforms elastically, those close tolerance may cause excessive rubbing [‘r?bi?] 摩擦, wear 磨损, or seizing 刮痕. Key words: yield strength 屈服强度 proportional limit 比例极限 tensile [‘tensail] 拉力的 strength 抗拉强度 percent elongation 延伸率 gauge [geid?] 标准尺寸，标准规格 length 标距 Brinell hardness 布氏硬度 indentor [in‘dent?(r)] 压头；订货商 Key words: Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度 modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 Young’s modulus 杨氏模量 杨氏模量：是弹性材料承受正向应力时会产生正向应变，定义为正向应力与正向应变的比值。是沿纵向的弹性模量，公式记为 E = σ / ε 其中，E 表示杨氏模数，σ 表示正向应力，ε 表示正向应变。杨氏模量越大，越不容易发生形变 shaft 轴 bearing 轴承 tolerance 公差 percent reduction in area 断面收缩率 2 Materials Emphasis： Medium-carbon Steels 中碳钢 （低碳钢 mild steels） High and Very-high-carbon Steels 高碳和超高碳钢 The effects of common elements added to steel Cast Irons 铸铁 Difficulty: The effects of common elements added to steel 2.1 Ferrous [‘fer?s] 铁的，亚铁的 Alloy More than 90% by weight of the metallic [mi‘t?lik] 金属的 materials used by human beings are ferrous alloys. T