第九讲宾语从句.docVIP

第九讲 宾语从句 宾语从句的三要素：引导词、陈述句语序、时态一致 1、宾语从句的引导词 （1）由陈述句变成的宾语从句，用that引导，语序不变。that在句中无实际意义，可以省略。如： He is a teacher. →He said (that) he was a teacher. I have already seen the film. →He said that he (had) already seen the film. （2）由一般疑问句变成的宾语从句，用if或whether引导，表示“是否”，原来一般疑问句的语序要变为陈述句语序。如： Does the boy like English? →The teacher asked me if the boy liked English. Are they students?→I dont know if they are students. 注意：当宾语从句中出现“or not”或“or + 供具体选择的内容”时，就只能用whether来引导。例如： I don’t know whether he will come back soon or not. （3）由特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，疑问代词或疑问副词作宾语从句的引导词，并在宾语从句中充当成分，表示对不清楚的人、事物、时间、地点、方式等的询问。原来特殊疑问句的疑问语序要变为陈述语序。如： Who is that boy? → Miss Li wants to know who that boy is. What does the girl want to buy? → He asked what the girl wanted to buy. Where have they gone? → I didn’t know where they had gone. When did you leave? → He asked when I left. 2．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，即宾语从句的主语前不可有be动词、情态动 词或助动词do, does, did, have, has, had等。 3．时态一致性，即若主句时态是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定；若主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），宾语从句的时态也用过去时态，如： We know he is a teacher at a school. We know he lost his son last year. We know he will come here soon. He said that he was ill. 宾语从句：在复合句中做主句的宾语。宾语从句有三种情况。 1．表示陈述意义的宾语从句。由从属连词that引导。that本身没有意义，在非正式文体中和口语中常常被省略。 e.g. He says (that) he is going to be an actor. 他说他将要当一个演员。 My mother told me (that) she liked English very much when she was a student.　 我妈妈告诉我说当她是学生时，她很喜欢英语。 　　由that引导的宾语从句最为常见，能接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, see, believe, agree, hear, feel, know,等。 2．带有“是否，有否，对否，能否”等一般疑问意义的宾语从句，由从属连词whether或if引导。 如果要突出“究竟是……还是不……”，常有whether后面加or not: e.g. He asked me if (whether) I knew John.　 他问我是否认识约翰。 I want to know whether (if) he lives there. 我想知道他是否在那儿住。 Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能不能来，请告诉我一声。 3．带有“谁，谁的，什么，哪个，什么时候，什么地方，怎样，为什么”等特殊疑问意义的宾语从句，由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导。 e.g. Tom wants to know where Nine lives. 汤姆想知道Nine住在哪里。 Can you tell me what your name is? 你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？